导语：

感谢大家订阅皮埃罗·斯加鲁菲（Piero Scaruffi）的钛媒体72问.知识专栏《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提问者赵何娟。从前面课程中，我们学习到了硅谷的失败文化，皮埃罗也提到失败并非坏事，但我们也要学会控制风险，这是一门很大的学问，那么皮埃罗怎么看待风险以及规避风险呢？是否存在应对风险的机制？

正文：

I don't know that really, it's this many different ways to do this that really everybody is is different. Even venture capitalists some are more tolerant towards risk someone less as to the pencil the industry obviously biotech you have much higher risk. Only fifty, sixteen new drugs are approved every year in the United States. Software we have an evening number, so depends on the field a depends on the venture capitalist depends on the company.

我也不太清楚，规避风险的方式有很多。即便是风险投资人也需要承担风险，但每个行业的情况都不一样。比如说，生物技术行业的风险比较高，美国每年只有50到60种新药能够通过审批。软件行业又不一样了。所以规避风险要看不同的行业和不同的企业。

Google is famous for or killing beads right away. They always say it's not bad to fail, as long as you fail quickly. So it really depends I don't think there is a system to manage risk. I think the Silicon Valley is very good at turning risk into opportunity. so Silicon Valley does things that other places don't do. And sometimes you wonder why not in IBM was way richer than Apple when Apple introduced the Apple Two, and then IBM was way richer, was the biggest computer company in the world. Why they didn't take that risk? I don't know.

Google以扼杀坏的想法而闻名。他们有一句名言：只要失败的过程又短又快，失败并不可怕。Google确实有一套应对风险的机制。我认为，硅谷非常善于把风险转为机遇。事实就是这样，硅谷所做的事情都是与众不同的。有时候我也会在想为什么不这么做呢？在Apple发行Apple Two的时候，IBM还是世界上最大的电脑公司，拥有的资金远比Apple丰厚。为什么IBM没有去冒险？我也不知道。

导读：

那么除了Apple和Google这些超大企业之外，还有没有其他一些把风险转变为机遇的例子呢？皮埃罗说，这些例子几乎随处可见。

I really think that that’s the norm in Silicon Valley. Very few people in Silicon Valley think of copying somebody else's idea. Now if you go to veto capitalist telling this has been done before. So what if you got a venture capital, you tell him this has never been done. so I think that's a big difference in the way Silicon Valley works.

我认为把机遇变成把风险转为机遇就是硅谷的典型作法。在硅谷，没有人会去抄袭他人的想法。他们不会和风险投资人说，之前已经有人做过类似的事情；如果他们找到风险投资人时，告诉对方这是一个前所未有的新想法，那么投资人可能就会问更多的细节问题；所以硅谷的做法非常的与众不同。

I think in China is almost the opposite, if you got to venture capitalists in China and telling this has never been done before. Bye bye. If you tell him this has been done before this is called Uber, and my name is Didi. Okay. Or this is called Google and my name is Baidu. Okay. So it’s the opposite. You know, if you go and tell them somebody has done this, who cares? 

我想在中国的话情况是刚好相反的，如果你告诉风险投资人，之前有人做过Uber，而我这个产品叫滴滴；之前有人做过Google搜索引擎，而我这个产品的名字是百度，那么风险投资人就会给你钱。但在硅谷的情况正好相反。如果之前已经有人做过这个有人做过这件事，就没有投资人会给你钱。

If you go and tell them this new everybody pays attention and even better they could tell them this is impossible when the kids at Xerox Park decided to put a computer on the desk, that's impossible. I’ll guess what there was the future so it's all that I think it's part of the system and is one of the things that is difficult to copy in the rest of the world. 

如果这是一个全新的想法，大家都会注意你，甚至还可以告诉风险投资人一个听起来不能实现的想法，就像施乐的工程师想做台式电脑的想法在当时听起来是不可能实现的。但你猜到结果是什么吗？在那之后的电脑都是台式机，所以我觉得这就是社会体系的问题，其他的地方都很难复制硅谷的社会。

And again, it goes back to society that's society they will accept if you fail so ok. It's never been done before by definition there's a very high chance that you will fail because it's never been done before in other places of the world the other place of the world, if you say it has never been done before. 

我们又回到了社会因素上。硅谷的社会能够接受失败的人，所以如果是一件前人没有做过的事情，你很有可能也会失败。而在其他地方，如果你说这是一个前所未有的主意，没有人做过，那么其他人就会在想到底是什么不好的原因致使从没有人尝试过这件事情？

The first question is well if it has never been done before there must be a reason right and so they discourage you. Here in Silicon Valley is the opposite. If it’s never done before there's an opportunity. That's a big opportunity actually when people ask you what's going to be the next technology, now we live in the age of virtual reality.  So what's next? What you have to think of something that doesn't exist today.

他们不鼓励你去冒险。硅谷完全相反，没有人做过就意味着一个很大的机遇。现在人们就会问下一个技术趋势是什么？我们现在生活的年代技术热点有人工智能、虚拟现实等等，那么你就要去想一下我们现在生活中不存在的技术。

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