导语：

感谢大家订阅皮埃罗·斯加鲁菲（Piero Scaruffi）的钛媒体72问.知识专栏《硅谷的秘密》。我是今天的提问者赵何娟。之前的课，皮埃罗跟我们讲了他很反对彼得蒂尔的“教育无用论”，并且认为年轻人的教育最重要的就是创造性思维的启蒙教育，还预言未来很多的新的工作岗位会与懂得创造机器人和控制机器人有关。那么未来的教育会越来越“实用化”还是“创造启蒙化”呢，我问了皮埃罗关于教育和培训的关系，教育与培训有什么不同吗？教育和培训哪个更重要？皮埃罗对此有非常清晰的认识，他的核心观点是，培训是细化的任务结果为导向，而教育就是越跨学科的教育越重要。

正文：

I think the difference in my mind that is the difference is big. Training is about a specific task let's say, I have to start using a new device. I have to devices but someday they will give me a new one that doesn't exist today. Well I have to train to learn that device a software engineer needs training when does a new programming language. Now Python is famous again. So you need training in that language no software engineers studied the sea maybe studies in language now it has to train in Python’s training and the training can be one day. It can be one month, it could be two months. Training now. 

我认为，两者的差异很大。培训是更加细化的任务，比方说我现在要开始使用一台新设备，但是日后又会有新的设备投入使用，我就要接受培训；软件工程师也要接受培训，如学习新的编程语言，现在Python又重新流行起来，很多工程师都要学习这门编程语言。他们可能学习过C语言，但现在要接受Python的培训。培训可能是一个月，两个月。

Education is you learn how to program a computer and to learn it you have to study specific language probably see language java but then you can learn any other language that's education you learn what a computer is you know what a processor is now. what is memory and so on and so on and then of course to learn that you have to learn one specific language because you cannot learn all of them. But the day that the language changes you get training a nd in one month one week sometimes one day you can learn something new.

教育是学习计算机编程，某门编程语言，比如说C语言，Java。但是你学会了这些之后，你可以自学其他的编程语言，这就是教育。你学会了计算机的原理，你理解了储存的原理，学会了计算机语言。虽然有朝一日，又会有新的计算机语言，但是你可以接受培训，学习另一门计算机语言，培训时间可长可短。

If your education is very good the training would be very short if you are a worker in a factory and the to train you to become a software engineer, that's painful but if you are a software engineer working on a simple application and they tell you now you get training for artificial intelligence that's not so difficult you really are a soft engineer and if you study mathematics is actually very easy. It’s just new formulas and yep, will be painful for a couple of weeks. But not so difficult.

如果你的教育基础扎实，那么你的培训时间可能会很短。如果你是一个工厂工人，要把你培训成一个软件工程师的过程就很辛苦。但是如果你是软件工程师，你在开发一个应用程序，有人告诉你要去做人工智能，你接受完培训，很快就可以上手了，因为你本身就是一个软件工程师。如果你学习数学的话，这对你而言都会很简单，不过是新的公式罢了，但是开头培训的那几周可能会比较辛苦，也不会太难。

We have to get used will be training in our life at some point they will change your tools and you will be everything. I’m just working on something for the media. The world of media is fascinating how is changing I always read a lot of magazines still I still with print in our stead books and so on so I watch TV, so I’m fascinating how we will change dramatically in virtual reality of mental reality and live streaming I mean everything would change so you will get training you will. But if you have an education in media, if you understand these things much easier, if you have an education is stem even easier. You know you understand in new technology right away and you understand what you can do with it.

我们一生中会接受不同的培训，变换手上的工具。比如说我在媒体行业工作，这个行业有很多的变化，我会阅读杂志，传统的印刷物，看电视，我会为媒体行业的变化着迷。现在有了虚拟现实、增强现实、在线流媒体，一切都会发生改变。你遇到一些变化，但如果你学习过传媒的原理，了解这个事物，那么就简单多了。如果你学习过科学、技术、工程或者是数学，同样也不难，因为你能掌握最新的技术。你会明白自己可以利用工具做些什么。

I keep telling people that the bigger revolution in augmented reality will not come from the technology startups. It will come from journalists and artists. And we’ve already seen it now when augmented reality was introduced commercially. Who was it Microsoft! What does Microsoft do? It sells products to offices so there they are mental reality or mental realities what PowerPoint the first time of the head was a presentation, where the guy uses the hand to show a presentation, right? That's what Microsoft does. So I came up with the simplest kind. 

我一直告诉其他人，VR的变化不会来自相关的初创企业。记者和艺术家会改变增强现实这种技术。最初发明VR的是哪家公司？微软。微软是干什么的？微软是给客户卖办公室软件的，他们做增强现实的目的是什么？PowerPoint！他们想让客户动一动手，就可以做幻灯片展示，因为微软就是卖办公软件的。所以他们做出了最简单的增强现实。

Well, then artists started thinking about a mentor reality and artist realized in one second, this room that street any place is a canvas. It's like the painter has a blank canvas and then you give them colors and they start painting right? With AR, any environment becomes a compass a three dimensional campus so artists started making art in the middle of the room in the street. And when you have the right glasses or how does the sculpture there. Without the glasses that nothing with the glass. That's the future there are is just explain to us that instead of paper, we can use this AR. I can leave a note for you outside the door there I can leave a note that only you can see with the glasses.

艺术家就会思考VR这项技术，他们会把世界想象成一块空白、可以作画的帆布，在增强现实的世界里，所有东西都成了一幅画布，一块3D帆布。艺术家开始戴上增强现实的眼睛，进行艺术创作。如果没有了VR的眼镜，那么什么都没有了。这就是未来的样子，艺术家向我们展示有了VR技术，我们可以进行各种创作，而且我们可以身处一个只有我们自己戴上眼镜才能看到的世界。

I don't know if the glasses are really the future of this thing some to live annoying that you have to wear special glasses. But what I’m saying the artist saw the future not Microsoft, in my opinion the journalist will see the future, because we do mental reality you can have a piece of paper or you can have a TV program. And then you can augment, you can have more information if you want today. 

我不知道未来的世界会不会这样，因为听起来戴着眼镜有点麻烦。我想说的是，艺术家可以看到未来，而微软却不行。记者可以看到未来的媒体发展趋势，增强现实技术可以播放视频、看流媒体，让你看到更多的信息。

The biggest problem of media is that people want one under forty characters right people don't want to spend too much time give me their news in one second year but sometimes I want to know more so what do I do I click a web page there's a traditional thing but think journalists will come up with a way that in one second I know there was a bomb in Somalia and then if I want to know more I just look at it. And it will come more it will go live or whatever. 

今天媒体的问题是，人们受到了140个字符的字数限制，他们不想花太多的时间看新闻。但有时候，我们就想要了解更多的信息，我们会点开一些网页。我想在未来，记者会想到增强现实的解决方案，一边有索马里的新闻，如果我想知道更多细节内容，就看向那边，马上就有相关新闻出现在眼前。

So I think it an interdisciplinary education is very important if you understand the technology you will find the application not Microsoft by the way. It is interesting that artists are very good at understanding technology. I find it fascinating for somebody in technology is very difficult to understand a different technology, right? You are used to a computer now you have to use a smart phone. It takes a while to use to it.

所以我认为跨学科的教育很重要。如果你了解技术，你就会找到合适的应用软件，而微软不会。另外有趣的是，艺术家很擅长与了解技术。反而是技术行业内的人，很难懂得另一种技术。你过去习惯使用电脑，但现在要用智能手机了，你还需要时间去适应。

An artist in one day can learn to use a new gadget, artists are like children. You give them a new device, a day later, they know everything, artist is very similar. Instead people in technology and science tend to have a much more difficult life right retraining is difficult. Why? They're specialist, they are trying to be specialists. Artists are trained not be specialist so it's interesting, right?

艺术家只需要一天就能够掌握新设备的用法。艺术家就像孩子一样，你把手机给孩子们一天，他们很快就学会如何使用手机。艺术家真的很像孩子。然而，科技领域的人就很难学习另一门技术了，因为他们被教育成为某个领域的专家，重新训练的过程会非常艰辛。所以很有趣，对吧？

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